|
1
|
- BIOFUELS & TRANSPORTATION
- PROJECTS I – VI
|
|
2
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
17
|
- From a part number context ~87.50 % of these vehicles appear to be, or
are FULLY compatible with Ethanol.
- That being said, of ~192,000,000 light and medium duty vehicles on the
road today ~164,160,000 vehicles could be Flex Fuel
converted/retrofitted with little or NO modifications in some cases.
- OBSC is convinced this is the exact or better case throughout the
automobile and light/heavy duty truck industry. However, that remains to be verified
and validated as fact. This is
NTEP’s first Project, “Project I – E85 Conversions and Retrofit”.
|
|
18
|
- Bio-Diesel
- K85 as an additive increasing HP.
- Electric – certainly not ready for primetime.
- Ethanol (Cellulosic – significantly > of a yield per acre than Corn
and less of a carbon foot print)
- The entire life-cycle of the NTEP will reduce direct GHG emissions
between 48-59% comparative to E0 with carbon monoxide emissions by as
much as 30%, toxics content by 13% (mass) and 21% (potency), and
tailpipe fine particulate matter (PM) emissions by 50% across the
nation and eventually the globe.
- Source: Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Public Law
110-140
- http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ140.110.pdf
- Hydrogen (on-the-fly from Cellulosic ethanol)
|
|
19
|
- Why?
- Current Fuel infrastructure is “Liquid”!
- Stop using that infrastructure – US Petroleum industry will go
bust! This would be a worse
financial disaster than the current one the US is experiencing with the
financial institutions.
- Across our Nation and quite literally the globe; current transportation
fuels are of a liquid combustible material.
- Therefore, we must use the current hydro-mechanical architecture
a.k.a., gasoline combustion engines and their fueling stations.
- In essence, the only thing that changes from today is the cost and
type of a gallon of transportation fuel. Ethanol will not change our use of
fossilized petroleum distillates.
- This technology must “roll” forward by getting the most out of existing
combustion engine technology and infrastructure – there are ~192 million
(R.L. Polk) electronic fuel injected, light & medium duty vehicles
in the U.S. that could burn E85 as early as tomorrow.
- To do otherwise would require an insurmountable total of national and
inter-national assets – the cost would be insurmountably enormous
short term.
|
|
20
|
- Ashland University
- Evaporatives E0-E85 – preliminary analytics.
- Testing criteria as communicated from California
- “[…] they didn’t consider E85 to be a valid or viable a candidate for
this program [national alternative fuels] because they expected E85
would have much higher evaporative emissions in use that would offset
any gains that would be seen in exhaust emissions [...]”
- CARB Evaporative is 65°F. to 105°F./4hrs. @ 40.5°C
- Samples: E0, E10, E50, E85,
and E100.
- AU analysis was @ 30°C or 86°F with the following results:
|
|
21
|
|
|
22
|
- NTEP Program by Project.
- E85 Conversions & Retrofit
- Renewable Biomass Feedstocks
- C5 and C6 Pre-digesters & K85
- Cellulosic Ethanol Production
- Science & Research Center
- Ethanol To Hydrogen
|
|
23
|
- By some preliminary estimates, OBSC’s NTEP has a real opportunity to
create considerably more than 130,000 new jobs Nationally and return
billions of dollars into our economy.
- Estimates predict roughly 30,000 new and sustained jobs in Ohio.
- A distinct potential to create ¼ to ½ of those in this 5-county area of
Ohio and the 7 other “pilot” states.
- Source: Dr. Larry Leistritz, professor of agricultural economics at
North Dakota State University, March 9, 2009.
- http://www.agandenergy.com/newsletter/06.pdf
|
|
24
|
- US Imports
- 175,499,664,900 gallons of oil per year (Source US EIA, 2007).
- @ 1,000 predicted gallons per acre in switchgrass with ten-fold yield
process over Acid Hydrolysis.
- US needs to plant 87,749,832.45
acres with;
- There are literally 26,449,920 total acres in Ohio [Provided for
comparative & 1 of 8 states; sq. mi.*640]; USDA knows or can
determine which of these that are NON-FOOD producing “marginal” acreage
including CRP.
- 131,624,748.68 pounds of seed @ 3# per Acre2.
|
|
25
|
- Verify Validate Ethanol
- CARB approved Test Plan (ATDS – OBSC)
- 60-100 late model Light Duty Vehicles
- 3-7 OEM E85 conversion system participants
- Fuel Systems’ Retrofit Database (AU-UCLA)
- From filler cap to the injectors through to the exhaust.
- Worst Case:
- Fuel System coating with Epoxial-Teflon. (DuPont)
- Federally subsidized conversion mandate; similar to digital
television. Only those
vehicles are subsidized that “make sense”; dependant upon research.
- Funding (Cost Sharing):
- DOE
- EPA
- State of Ohio
- State of California
|
|
26
|
- Ten-fold yield cellulosic ethanol process
- K85
- Substrates: Switchgrass, Kudzu, Water Hyacinth & Trash
- Switchgrass also sequesters carbon dioxide in a manner making this
process CO2-neutral (or actually CO2- negative if
soil carbon sequestration is considered), compare to fossil fuels that
add CO2 to the atmosphere. Across the board,
switchgrass is the preferred substrate or feedstock.
- Funding (Cost Sharing Grants):
- DOE
- EPA
- States of : Ohio, Indiana,
Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois, Missouri, West Virginia, and
Tennessee.
- USDA
|
|
27
|
- Demonstration scale “black-box” combo-process.
- Ten-fold Cellulosic processing.
- K85 processing.
- Funding (Cost Sharing Grants)
- DOE
- EPA
- NREL
- NSF
- States of : Ohio, Indiana,
Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois, Missouri, West Virginia, and
Tennessee.
- USDA
|
|
28
|
- Ohio Bio Systems Inc. (OBSI)
- 100-300 MGY Ethanol Production (Holmes,
then Ashland County)
- 4.2-12.6 MGY Bio-Naphthenic Kerosene
- Funding (Cost Sharing Grants & Loans)
- Appalachia
- DOE
- EPA
- NREL
- NSF
- States of : Ohio, Indiana,
Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois, Missouri, West Virginia, and
Tennessee.
- USDA
|
|
29
|
- Central location to the 5-county area in Ohio.
- Plant is below ground in a concrete “pool”
- Office buildings are over the top(s).
- Funding:
- OBSI
- OBSC
- State of Ohio
- Local Businesses
- Federal Government
|
|
30
|
- Combustion Engine Top-End Modifications
- Renewable Hydrogen from Ethanol by Autothermal Reforming. Source: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/303/5660/993
- Ethanol and ethanol-water mixtures are converted directly into H2 with
~100% selectivity and >95% conversion by catalytic partial
oxidation, with a residence time on rhodium-ceria catalysts of <10
milliseconds.
- Rapid vaporization and mixing with air with an automotive fuel injector
performs at temperatures sufficiently low and times sufficiently fast
that homogeneous reactions producing carbon, acetaldehyde, ethylene,
and total combustion products can be minimized.
|
|
31
|
- Growing & Networking;
- This effort is going to take ALL of US (U.S.).
- Enlisting individuals; John & Jane Q. Public’s participation and
their financial assistance if and as needed.
- Local, State and Federal levels.
- Obtaining State & Federal level Grants & Loans
- Volunteers & seed funding…
|
Notes